NEW Publication:  Critically Endangered Caribbean Brain Coral Revealed as Two Distinct Lineages

October 28, 2025

Dr. Matías Gómez-Corrales

Curaçao Brain Corals Spawn in Different Seasons and Remain Genetically Distinct

Scientists have discovered that what was once believed to be a single species of Caribbean brain coral, Diploria labyrinthiformis, is actually composed of two genetically distinct lineages that coexist in Curaçao and across the Wider Caribbean but reproduce in different seasons—one in spring and the other in autumn. Although these lineages can interbreed in laboratory settings, their differing spawning times in nature act as a reproductive barrier, effectively isolating them and halving the reproductive population of what was thought to be a single species. This hidden diversity underscores the importance of recognizing and preserving even subtle genetic differences, as the loss of either lineage would mean the irreversible disappearance of unique genetic traits vital for adaptation and survival in changing ocean conditions. Consequently, conservation and restoration efforts should treat these lineages as separate conservation units to ensure the long-term resilience of this critically endangered reef-building coral.

This collaborative study was led by Dr. Valérie F. Chamberland (SECORE International and CARMABI Foundation) and Dr. Matías Gómez-Corrales (Nova Southeastern University’s National Coral Reef Institute), in collaboration with researchers from the University of Amsterdam, Universidad de los Andes, the California Academy of Sciences, the University of Michigan, the Virginia Aquarium, and 42 organizations across the Caribbean. The project combined long-term coral spawning observations, genetic analyses, and experimental cross-fertilization work to uncover cryptic coral diversity and its implications for conservation.